Ultrasound ? Quick Project :: essays research papers

Ultrasound – Quick Project Ultrasounds are sound waves with frequency beyond the human limits, therefore humans are unable to hear them. It even travels at exactly the same speed as sound in any medium. Humans can hear sound within the frequency range of about 20 to 20,000 Hz, so any sound above 20 kHz is ultrasound. Ultrasound or ultrasonography is a medical imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves and their echoes. The technique is similar to the echolocation used by bats, whales and dolphins, as well as SONAR used by submarines. Ultrasound has very high frequency vibrations and can be used to clean things. Really dirty teeth can be cleaned superbly in this way. Really delicate mechanisms, such as in antique clocks and watches, can also be safely cleaned. Ultrasound for scanning is the most popular medical use. This is safer than using X-rays. Unborn babies can be seen by moving an ultrasonic transmitter across the mother’s stomach. The sound waves will be projected from the transmitter and the waves are able to travel from one part of the human being to the other. As it hits a tissue or an organ, some waves reflects and gives of echos which can build up a picture on the TV screen. The shorter the wavelength is, the finer the detail of the picture is. Its use in scanning goes far beyond pregnancies. Many other parts of the body are analysed using it (bladder gallstones, the heart, etc.). Ultrasound can even check airplane wings for cracks that would be invisible on the surface. Ships use SONAR to determine the depth of water they are in. Ultrasound is used here because they have a higher frequency and this allows it to penetrate further. However, the disadvantage is that it might scare the fishes away as it would be too noisy for them.

Yahoo – Strategic Management Analysis

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Yahoo! Inc. , over its journey of almost 17 years has become the world’s largest online network integrated services provider with users exceeding 500 million in numbers worldwide (Yahoo FAQ, 2012). It has a presence in more than twenty markets and regions across the globe and is best known for its search engine and host of other services like finance, e-mail, advertising and social media. Yahoo! Inc. was started as a personal website directory by two doctorate candidates at Stanford University named David Filo and Jerry Yang.Filo and Yang realized the potential of generating revenue from their web directory by allowing companies to advertise their products on their online directory. Soon, Yahoo was notable enough to gain the attention of Sequoia capital, a venture capital firm. Sequoia provided much needed capital to Yahoo and Tim Koogle, a Motorola executive was hired as Yahoo’s Chief Executive Officer. Koogle’s excellent management skills and vision took Yahoo to the new heights of success i. . Yahoo! Inc. ’s stock price rose from $5 a share to almost $244 a share in 1999 (Jones, 2007) However, despite the leadership that the company enjoyed in its initial years, the company over the past years seems be losing market share to its arch rival Google Inc. Google has been outdoing Yahoo for the past many years now, gaining market share and increasing its customer base manifolds. Over the course of past few years, Yahoo! Inc. ade a slew of changes in its objectives, business model and to its external, internal environment and strategy to shore up its performance and regain lost ground to its main competitor Google. Herein, we shall take a close look at some of such factors through defining the company’s mandate, internal analysis as well as external analysis. INTRODUCTION The company under consideration Yahoo! Inc. (referred to hereinafter as â€Å"Yahoo†) is one of the world’s largest online netwo rk integrated services provider with a combined user base in excess of 500 million.Yahoo provides a whole host of network based services, however over its existence of past 17 years, many such similar service providers have shored up especially after the dot com boom. Some of these new players took the path of specializing in a particular form of service while others brought a whole gamut of new services with the old ones. World Wide Web has grown exponentially over the past years giving rise to the intense rivalry between companies involved. This intense rivalry especially with the likes of Google is one of the biggest challenges for Yahoo.In this case study, we try to first understand the backdrop in which the company is operating including its mission and vision for the future, its ultimate goals and philosophy regarding its business, its business model, external analysis based on Porter’s five forces model and finally internal analysis based on distinctive competencies, c ompetitive advantage and profitability. This document is prepared based on the information provided in the case, â€Å"Yahoo† (Jones, 2007) as well as numerous external sources such as Yahoo’s website and its annual reports circa 2011. COMPANY OVERVIEWYahoo was incorporated as an Internet service provider that would serve both the users and the businesses globally. Yahoo was founded by two Stanford PhD candidates in January 1994 named Jerry Yang and David Filo. However, today Yahoo has become one of the world’s largest global online network integrated services provider. Yahoo today has a user base of 500 million per month. It has a presence in more than 30 countries worldwide and provides services in more than twenty different languages. The company presently operates out of Sunnyvale, California in the United States.Yahoo first went public on the NASDAQ (YHOO) in the April of 1996. The stock had opened for $ 13. 00 per share of the company and by the very dayâ €™s end; it had reached a closing of $ 33. 00 per share (Yahoo Overview, 2012). In Dec 1999 the company was also added to the S&P 500 index. Recently, in early 2012, Yahoo had appointed Scott Thompson as the new CEO who was then replaced by Marissa Mayer in the month of May (Perez, 2012). Also in June 2012, the company also hired the former director at Google, Michael Barrett, as its Chief Revenue Officer.In April 2012, the company announced a cut of about 14 % of its workforce. This was expected to save the company around $ 375 million annually and is scheduled to be completed by end of this year (Liedtke, 2012). MANDATE The mandate of a company sheds light on why it exists, what it hopes to achieve in reference to the expectations of the stakeholders. Yahoo changed it mission statement from just â€Å"focusing on being a search portal† to â€Å"want to connect people to their passion, communities and world’s knowledge† (Baker, 2007).Yahoo’s mission Statement refers to the fact that the company envisages to achieve two major objectives; first one is to provide personal digital experience to their customers so that they remain happy doing things they like especially in the web and secondly to provide a unique way to the advertiser to connect to the consumers and help to build their business (Yahoo FAQ, 2012). In simple terms, as Yahoo enables people to connect with their passion in various fields i. e. sports, music etc. , it will in turn provide Yahoo with an excellent opportunity to generate advertising revenue from music and sports companies etc.The core values of the company provide a sense of direction that the company adheres to and the way it is going to do it, and the goals it wishes to achieve via the same. The company on its website has outlined six Core values that drive the company forward. These are namely (Yahoo Values, 2004). a. Excellence: The Company mentions of it always seeking quality and knowing that the suc cess should never be taken for granted and hence learn from own mistakes. b. Innovation: The Company believes in creativity and is ready to adapt to change in market trends and respond with calculated and responsible steps. c.Customer Fixation: The Company is always looking to maintain the trust of the customers and respond to the customers need and try to exceed them. d. Teamwork: The Company believes in and tries to encourage the best of the ideas from the entire organization and to foster collaboration and yet maintain individual accountability. e. Community: The Company seeks to serve both communities globally and the Internet Community as a whole in general. f. Fun: The Company also possesses a sense of humour and believe that the same is essential to the success of the company and also do appreciate and celebrate their achievement.From the aforementioned Core Values and the present scenario of the company, it seems Yahoo’s main challenge is keep up with its two very imp ortant core values namely Innovation and Customer Fixation which are integral for it to be the market leader in web portal industry. The main stakeholders of Yahoo are; its stockholders that invest their capital in the company, customers that use Yahoo’s web portal, advertisers that market their products through Yahoo’s online services and employees who provide it intellectual capacity leading to the creation of innovative new online products and services.Yahoo’s employees want a fair, ethical treatment and a stable job, advertisers expect to connect to their market segment by advertising on Yahoo, customers want enjoyable and innovative products that make their daily life easier and most importantly stock holders have an expectation that Yahoo will pursue strategies that increase company’s revenue and profitability maximizing shareholder value. EXTERNAL ANALYSIS COMPETITIVE FORCESYahoo operates in â€Å"the Internet products, services, and content marke ts, which are highly competitive and characterized by rapid change, emerging and converging technologies, and increasing competition† and that their most significant competition is from â€Å"Facebook, Google, Microsoft, and AOL (Yahoo 10K, 2011). Yahoo is a part of web portal industry where revenue generation is dependent on online advertising which in turn requires a large number of user base to generate any significant revenue.Advertisers prefer to advertise their products through web portals that have a large user base and offer products and tools which help them reach their target audience. In web portal industry, degree of rivalry amongst competitors is quite high, competitors compete aggressively against each other through innovative new product offerings and/or by lowering prices for advertising but Product differentiation is becoming increasingly difficult due to the fact that over the years industry has gone through consolidation and main players such as Google, Yah oo, MSN etc. ave gained a significant amount of market share creating an oligopoly. Industry has entered a mature stage in the western hemisphere such as Europe and North America but a lot of potential is available in emerging markets of Asia and South America where it is in growth stage. Due to the nature of internet, entry in to the web portal industry is relatively easy but based on the amount of capital, innovative skills and technological knowledge required to attract and maintain a large user base in the web portal industry, the threat of new entrants that can compete directly with Yahoo is quite low.Yahoo does charge some fees for certain premium services but generally its main services such as email and search are free of cost which is common amongst competitors in web portal industry. The range of services offered in web portal at little or no cost means that switching cost for users is quite low. Buyers also include those advertisers who would buy ad space on the website. Even though Yahoo’s revenue stream is not concentrated at any individual advertiser or user but low switching costs for users combined with the intense rivalry in the industry to gain advertisers puts bargaining power of the buyers at medium.Yahoo’s search engine essentially is a mechanism that provides users with an ability to search through content present on the internet. This content is freely available on the internet for Yahoo to collect and categories hence supplier power for Yahoo’s search engine is quite low. Web portal industry in which Yahoo operates does not have a lot of substitutes. Some possible substitutes for Yahoo’s products and services are; postal service is substitute of Yahoo’s e-mail service, financial newspapers are a substitute for Yahoo’s financial section, etc. but most importantly there are no efficient substitutes for search engines on web portal industry in both online or offline world. Because of the lack of ef ficiency of substitutes to products and services offered by web portal industry, the threat of substitutes is low. Recently Web portal industry has gained a possible complementor in the form of latest smart phones with high speed mobile internet access which gives user an ability to be online at any place at any given time. Smart phone technology combined with the web portal industry gives both parties involved a better opportunity to satisfy customer demands.MACRO ENVIRONMENT Aforementioned analysis was based on Porter’s five forces model which is subject to macro-environment. We shall now analyse different forces in the macro-environment. Economic conditions might affect Yahoo as it derives most of its revenue from businesses and individuals who advertise their products and services on the internet. Any slump in the economic growth may lead to a reduction in advertising budget of businesses which will eventually affect Yahoo. In the emerging markets such as those in Asia an d South America, Yahoo is presented with an excellent opportunity to expand its business.Along with the opportunity, Yahoo may also face stiff competition in emerging markets such as China where local competitors have gained considerable market share i. e. Baidu, Inc. in China has 63% of the market share and is Yahoo’s main competitor in that region (Barboza, 2010). Political and legal forces tend to affect businesses operating in the web portal industry especially in the emerging markets. Regulations on the internet service providers generally vary from country to country i. e. in certain countries local providers enjoy special protection through regulations giving them competitive advantage over Yahoo.Yahoo was successfully sued in France for its failure to keep Nazi memorabilia off its Web pages as it is considered a crime in France (Claburn, 2006) and in 2010 Google pulled out of China after failing to negotiate with Chinese government (Carlson, 2010). Internet is a rapid ly growing industry, and with low barriers to entry and low switching costs, technological forces heavily influence Yahoo. With the advent of new technologies, competition and rivalry between players in web portal industry is likely to be more intense driving down revenues as a result.Development in technology may give rise to newer forms of advertising media which can potentially take away revenue from Yahoo. Yahoo mainly operates in the online world and number of users with access to internet is growing rapidly and user base in the developed countries is very well spread out across all demographics. More and more people in the developing countries are getting access to the internet which is likely an opportunity for Yahoo. INTERNAL ANALYSIS We shall now discuss the internal environment of the company and how can it have any sort of material impact on the performance of the company.The internal Analysis of the company would include the distinctive competencies of the company, the c ompetitive advantage and the profitability of the company. The first and foremost distinctive competency of the company is the ability to enable people relate to their passion. This is as per Yahoo’s mission statement and is also reflective in the product portfolio. The company is probably the leader in the industry in terms of the number of services and products that the company offers. This range of product offering has not been observed to be present with the other competitors i. e. Flickr, a omprehensive imaging database, Yahoo Finance provides accurate financial Data in almost real time, etc. The second distinctive competency of the company is the brand name of the company, which has helped it retain its users despite its consistent problem in bringing new innovative products like its competitors Google and Facebook. The third and most important is the efficiency of Yahoo marketing services and its ability to attract customers and publishers. Since its beginning the busi ness model of Yahoo has been heavily reliant on contextual advertising and offering premium services.And this segment of business of Yahoo has still kept it in business. And not to forget the next competency of the company is its famous search and portal. Though the search algorithm used by the company has gradually been updated to the changing demographics of the business, but still some work needs to be done on it to make it a sheer strength for the company. Yahoo still possesses some competitive advantage as compared to its rivals. Firstly, Yahoo’s directory is very well-structured and authenticated business library and it can be developed and customized to act as a new and good source of revenue.Second is the ability of Yahoo to provide customized and contextual advertising. Another very important competitive advantage of the company is the hold of Yahoo in the mobile segment with its auxiliary products and even partnerships with third party service providers. And probabl y last but not the least is the employees of the company, who proved tremendous support, and technical knowhow, that helps Yahoo shore up with customized solutions for its customers and also help in maintain a virtually glitch/hassle free website quality.As far as profitability is concerned, this is something that has not been going right for the company. Over the past four quarters, the company has not seen any significant growth in its revenue and has in fact witnessed a decline in the operating profitability due to a rise in non-recurring expenses (Yahoo Income Statement, 2012). However since the new CEO took over in the month of July, she has embarked on a new strategy of Brownfield expansion via the M&A route and other critical decisions, that is set â€Å"to revive growth and boost profitability† which is a very positive and ncouraging news for investors (Womack, 2012). Yahoo’s decision to hire executives Michael Barret as a CFO and Marissa Mayer as a CEO seems t o show that Yahoo understands the threat that Google poses as both Barret and Mayer were executive at Google prior to joining Yahoo. From the above analysis, it seems that the company is better poised on its internal environment than external environment. And it needs to improvise on its assets and brand to shore up its market share and performance.Yahoo’s recent layoff of 14% of its work force seems to be beginning of new strategy of refocusing the company towards its core competencies, product innovation and growth. REFERENCES Yahoo FAQs. (2012). Investors FAQs. Retrieved from http://yhoo. client. shareholder. com/faq. cfm Jones, G. R. (2007). Yahoo. In C. W. L. Hill & G. R. Jones (Eds. ), Strategic Management An Integrated Approach (8th ed. , pp. C102-C114). Boston, NY: Houghton Mifflin Company. Yahoo Overview. (2012). Overview. Retrieved from http://pressroom. yahoo. net/pr/ycorp/overview. aspx Perez, J. C. (2012, 07 16).Yahoo picks google's marissa mayer as ceo. Macworld , Retrieved from http://www. macworld. com/article/1167728/yahoo_picks_googles_marissa_mayer_as_ceo. html Liedtke, M. (2012, 04 04). New yahoo CEO Scott Thompson cuts 2,000 jobs The Christian Science Monitor, Retrieved from http://www. csmonitor. com/Innovation/Latest-News-Wires/2012/0404/New-Yahoo-CEO-Scott-Thompson-cuts-2-000-jobs Baker, L. (2010). Yahoo ; google’s mission statements: Do they connect?. Search Engine Journal, Retrieved from http://www. searchenginejournal. com/yahoo-googles-mission-statements-do-they-connect/4924/Yahoo Values. (2004). Yahoo! we value. Retrieved from http://docs. yahoo. com/info/values/ Yahoo 10K. (2011, 12 31). Yahoo 10k Annual Report. Retrieved from http://files. shareholder. com/downloads/YHOO/2120211742x0xS1193125-12-86972/1011006/filing. pdf Barboza, D. (2010, 01 13). Baidu’s gain from departure could be china’s loss. The NewYork Times. Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2010/01/14/technology/companies/14baidu. html? _ r=1 Claburn, T. (2006, 01 13). Yahoo loses lawsuit over nazi memorabilia sale. Information Week, Retrieved from http://www. informationweek. om/yahoo-loses-lawsuit-over-nazi-memorabili/177100347 Carlson, N. (2010, 03 22). Breaking: Google pulls out of china. Business Insider, Retrieved from http://articles. businessinsider. com/2010-03-22/tech/29990556_1_google-com-hk-google-s-china-googlecn Yahoo Income Statement. (2012). Income statement. Retrieved from http://in. finance. yahoo. com/q/is? s=YHOO Womack, B. (2012, 08 10). Yahoo strategy review may result in changes to cash plans. Bloomberg, Retrieved from http://www. bloomberg. com/news/2012-08-09/yahoo-ceo-strategy-review-may-result-in-changes-to-cash-plans. html

Feminism In Jane Eyre - 1729 Words

hroughout the history of English, Literature feminism has remained one of the central themes in many amazing works of literature. This concept represents feminine independence and self-esteem in a male-dominated society. One of the famous authors who convey this idea is Charlotte Brontà « especially in her best-selling novel Jane Eyre in which she discusses the social background of the Victorian society and its effect on women. What society teaches women is not always right; it is up to women to rely on their moral senses to take the proper path for their actions. During the Victorian era, a woman’s life revolved around domestic duties, form a young age they are taught to be submissive and obedient. They had no rights and were expected to†¦show more content†¦The immediate origin of Janes oppression is young John Reed, who never misses an opportunity to spell out for her how much the family detests her: â€Å"You are a dependent, mama says; you have no money; your father left you none; you ought to beg, and not to live here with gentlemen s children like us, and eat the same meals we do and wear clothes at our mama s expense. Now, I ll teach you to rummage my bookshelves: for they are mine; all the house belongs to me, or will do in a few years.† (Brontà « 12) John Reed uses his position as the sole male to harass Jane, leaving her helpless because she knows that Mrs. Reed, Georgina, and Eliza will side with John. Jane realizes that even â€Å"the servants did not like to offend their young master by taking [her] part of him.† (Brontà « 12) Infuriated and defeated by the mental and physical abuse she received at the hands of John; Jane finally stands up to him comparing him to â€Å"murder. . . A slave-driver. . . like the Roman emperors!† (Brontà « 11) Her verbal and physical resistance to John Reed is largely instinctive: â€Å"fury,† â€Å"frantic,† â€Å"deep ire and desperate revolt† describe her feelings at this time: her tongue seems to pronounce words without her will â€Å"consenting to theirShow MoreRelatedFeminism in Jane Eyre1423 Words   |  6 PagesFeminism in Jane Eyre Jay Sheldon Feminism has been a prominent and controversial topic in writings for the past two centuries. With novels such as Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice, or even William Shakespeares Macbeth the fascination over this subject by authors is evident. In Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre the main character, Jane Eyre, explores the depth at which women may act in society and finds her own boundaries in Victorian England. As well, along with the notions of feminism oftenRead MoreFeminism in Jane Eyre1317 Words   |  6 PagesFeminism in Jane Eyre After reading Jane Eyre, I think Jane Eyre is a great woman. Jane is disadvantaged in many ways as she has no wealth, family, social position or beauty. Jane does have intelligence though, and her disposition is such to make Rochester fall in love with her. Through a serious of troublesome situations between Jane Eyre and Mr. Rochester, the author set up a great female image before us: insisting on maintaining an independent personality, pursuing individual freedom, advocatingRead MoreFeminism in Jane Eyre753 Words   |  4 PagesAP English III Charlotte Bronte wrote Jane Eyre in 1847, when men were far superior to women. That is why a major debate remains on whether Jane Eyre is a feminist novel or not. It would not be surprising to say that the novel has very feminist undertones because of the time period, the Victorian Era, in which women were treated poorly. However, one could argue that Jane Eyre is actually an anti-feminist novel due to some of the context throughout the story. Both these feminist and anti-feministRead MoreFeminism In Jane Eyre1679 Words   |  7 Pagesnovels--Jane Eyre--of her time period when she created the unique and feminist female heroine, Jane Eyre. Throughout the novel, Jane becomes stronger as she speaks out against antagonists. She presses to find happiness whether she is single or married and disregards society’s rules. The novel begins as Jane is a small, orphan child living with her aunt and cousins due to the death of her parents and her uncle. Jane s aunt--Mrs. Reed--degr ades her as she favors her biological children. Jane s aunt--MrsRead MoreJane Eyre and Feminism1822 Words   |  8 PagesCharlotte Brontes novel Jane Eyre embraces many feminist views in opposition to the Victorian feminine ideal. Charlotte Bronte herself was among the first feminist writers of her time, and wrote this book in order to send the message of feminism to a Victorian-Age Society in which women were looked upon as inferior and repressed by the society in which they lived. This novel embodies the ideology of equality between a man and woman in marriage, as well as in society at large. As a feminist writerRead MoreTheme Of Feminism In Jane Eyre1733 Words   |  7 PagesGriesinger perceives that Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s focus on both women and religion to be so prominent in Jane Eyre that she coined the term â€Å"biblical feminism† to simultaneously refer to these two themes. Brontà « wrote the novel in a time where radical feminist Protestantism was increasin gly explored, and Griesinger’s overarching view is that Brontà « intended to illustrate that women of faith, like Jane, â€Å"are not disempowered but find strength to obey God even if it means going against social and literaryRead MoreOn Feminism and Jane Eyre Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pageswith, men in a society dominated by men. These seekers are called feminists and many feminists see Charlotte Bronte’s titular character Jane Eyre as a proto-feminist icon of the Victorian era. Not only does Jane Eyre show the struggle of one woman under one man it represents the struggle of women in a male-dominated society. Reading Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre through a feminist perspective reveals Jane’s fight for independence, individuality, and equality in a society controlled and dominated byRead More Jane Eyre and Feminism Essay1799 Words   |  8 Pages Charlotte Bronte’s novel Jane Eyre embraces many feminist views in opposition to the Victorian fem inine ideal. Charlotte Bronte herself was among the first feminist writers of her time, and wrote this book in order to send the message of feminism to a Victorian-Age Society in which women were looked upon as inferior and repressed by the society in which they lived. This novel embodies the ideology of equality between a man and woman in marriage, as well as in society at large. As a feminist writerRead MoreJane Eyre, The Bluest Eye, And Feminism1422 Words   |  6 PagesPavit Singh Mr. Trott English 2 Honors Period 5 15 May 2015 Jane Eyre, The Bluest Eye, and Feminism Feminism. It’s a big concept in society today, but has it always been that way? Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte is a famous work on the basis of her own experiences. In this novel, the author shapes a tough and independent woman who pursues true love and equality. In the Victorian period, the image of Jane Eyre cast a sharp contrast to the man-dominated society. She stands for a new lady who hasRead MoreFeminism in Jane Eyre Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pages Jane Eyre was written in a time where the Bildungsroman was a common form of literature. The importance was that the mid-nineteenth century was, the age in which women were, for the first time, ranked equally with men as writers within a major genre (Sussman 1). In many of these novels, the themes were the same; the protagonist dealt with the same issues, search for autonomy and selfhood in opposition to the social constraints placed upon the female, including the demand for marriage (Sussman)

Treatment For Anorexia Nervos A Comparison Of Cognitive...

Maintenance treatment for anorexia nervosa: A comparison of cognitive behavior therapy and treatment as usual. By: Jacqueline C. Carter, Traci L. McFarlane, Carmen Bewell, Marion P. Olmstead, D. Blake Woodside, Allan S. Kaplan, and Ross D. Crosby. This 2009 study was designed to examine the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy compared to Maintenance Treatment â€Å"as usual† in patients with Anorexia Nervosa. The study examined the relapse rate of patients with Anorexia Nervosa after undergoing the two types of therapy mentioned above over the course of a one-year period. There were a total of 88 female patients who all fit the criteria for Anorexia Nervosa according to the DSM-IV (the standard measurement at the time of the study). Fifty-Eight percent of the clients met the criteria for Restrictive-Type Anorexia Nervosa, while 42 percent met the criteria for Binge/Purge Type Anorexia Nervosa. The 88 female patients were initially in an impatient treatment facility, but after there BMI rose to 19.5 (still significantly low) they were released and entered into this outpatient study. The median age of each patient was 24.1 years old. Eighty-Four percent of the participants were single, 13 percent were married, two percent failed to disclose their martial status, and one percent were divorced. Eighty-Four percent of the women were Caucasian, 3 percent Asian, 2 percent Afro/Caribbean, 2 percent Hispanic, 2 percent 1 percent West Indies, 1 percent Middle Eastern, and 6

Human Reasoning John Locke´s An Essay Concerning Human...

John Locke in his prose An Essay Concerning Human Understanding displays an extremely individualistic take on human reason (126). Proposing a perspective that is especially interesting during his time in the 17th century, which catered to a shift towards individual morals and responsibilities - the Puritan movement (Kang). Furthermore, John Locke sees the human mind as a product of one’s own experiences and inherent responsibilities, which is evident not only in his essay, but also in his upbringing (Locke; Spellman). His interest in the human mind positioned him to be the leader search for human understanding, a curiosity followed by many other writers such as Mary Astell and Judith Drake (Black et al.). While the former philosophy is not new to human inquiry as it was likely suppressed due to the anti-religious undertones it tends to convey (Being that we are self-perceived, so perceiving higher than ourselves might be a thing of question rather than fact), it was the shift from conventional to individual morals that allows for Locke’s approach to seem so ideal. The purpose of this essay will be to analyze Locke’s Essay Concerning Human Understanding and determine how individualism is portrayed in this work (Locke). The conclusion is that Locke’s prose indicates that he endorses the idea of individualism through his theory of human understanding and self-acquired knowledge; furthermore, his work played a significant role in the propagation of individual morals during aShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke s Views On Education879 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Locke was a philosopher, doctor and political theorists of the 17th century. 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The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to explore the parallels between Lockes Some Thoughts Concerning Education and Swifts Gullivers Travels, using textual evidence and literary criticism; and second, to compare the methods prescribed by Locke and Swift for education, taking into account some culturalRead MorePropelling Rational Thought Over Compelling Empiricism1459 Words   |  6 Pagesintend to examine the rationalist philosophy of Rene Descartes and fundamental empiricism of John Locke’s philosophical arguments, in particular their ideas relating to the science of man, his identity and attempt to explain distinctions between the two. A s I lay the framework of my argument it is important to understand the precepts that serve as the underpinning for the views considered by Descartes and Locke respectively. 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This sort of thinking comes from the enlightenment period: as a baby, humans do not start out with experience, but as they grow up, they learn more behaviors, morals, and skills which are then applied in their lives. Rationalism is a skill that is used in our day-to -day lives. Little decisions, such as dressing in a raincoatRead MoreAntecedents of Cognitive Psychology1680 Words   |  7 Pages recovered and used.† Antecedents of Cognitive Psychology British Empiricism: Locke, Berkeley, and Hume John Locke (1632-1704) He proposed the theory of knowledge in which he suggested an explanation of how we came to know the world. In his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, he attacked the notion of innate ideas, but rather claimed that all the ideas of human came from experience. He is convinced that human mind can execute two things and that are to receive experiences from the outsideRead MoreJohn Locke : Human Knowledge And Ideas1993 Words   |  8 PagesIn this paper, I want to examine how philosophers, especially John Locke from his book Essay Concerning Human Understanding, understand human knowledge and ideas. We have all had experience of being unsure or mistaken about something: you think it s Wednesday when it is actually Thursday; you wonder whether he was wearing a red shirt or yellow yesterday. Sceptics argue that it is impossible to be certain about anything, arguing that if we can be deceived about such simple things, who can say thatRead MoreA Reflection On Educational Ideas Essay1906 Wo rds   |  8 PagesEnlightenment thinkers John Locke in English and Jean Jacques Rousseau in French wrote foundational texts on educational theory. Both of them laid emphasis on education in children’s early age. Their educational theories affect education not only in their respective period, but also in the modern societies.  However, there are some limitations of their educational theories. The reason I am interested in the Enlightenment is because I have found the writings of Rousseau and Locke are interesting and

Competition Consumer Legislation Australian -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Competition Consumer Legislation Australian? Answer: Introducation Under the contract law, unconscionability is referred to such terms which are so unfair or unjust, that one side of the contracting party is overwhelmed by the other side of the contracting party, which holds superior bargaining power, and which is against the good conscience (Latimer, 2012). Basically, unconscionability or unconscionable conduct covers the transactions which are undertaken in between a weak party and a dominating party. Due to this, there is an overlapping of this concept with the other vitiating factors in a contract, of duress and undue influence. The concept of unconscionability is applicable based on the scenario in which it takes place and accordingly attracts the common law or the statutory law (Vout, 2009). In equity, the unconscionable conduct is related to the conduct where one party is taken off by some other person due to the special disability help by the first person. The examples of special disability include illiteracy, age, lack of education, or thes e factors being in combination. Due to these reasons, the weaker party is treated in a harsh and operations manner (Australian Contract Law, 2018a). The following parts cover a detail on unconscionability and its various aspects in Australia, in terms of its applicability under common and statutory law and the leading cases on it. Unconscionable conduct is something which results in the transaction undertaken under the contract being null and void. There are a number of cases where unconscionable conduct has resulted in the transactions being set aside, or given a null affect (Clarke and Clarke, 2016). In Australia, the leading matter in context of unconscionable conduct is that of Commercial Bank of Australia v Amadio(1983) 151 CLR 447. In this case, a mortgage had been signed by Amadio for the purpose of securing loan for their son. The details of this mortgage or what actually was going on was not informed to Amadio. Amadio were Italian and they did not know much of English which made them nearly illiterate. When the Bank attempted to seize their home which had been mortgaged, the validity of this mortgage was challenged by Amadio. This led to the court ruling in favor of Amadio based on the presence of unconscionable conduct in this matter. The reason for upholding the presence of unconscionable conduct wa s that there was an absence of English knowledge with Amadio (Australian Contract Law, 2018b). Another example of presence of unconscionable conduct was seen in Louth v Diprose (1992) 175 CLR 621; [1992] HCA 61. In this matter, D was infatuated towards L and he was in the habit of showering D with a number of gifts repeatedly. Once D proposed to L, she declined. After some time, D was told by L that L had been very depressed and that in case she was not able to pay the money on her home, she would be evicted from it and would have no place to live. And as soon as this would happen, L would be committing suicide. The majority of it was untrue. Responding to this management pressure, D agreed that he would buy the home for L and that he would be putting the home in Ls name as she was insisting on doing so. Certain years passed and the relationship which was present between the two got deteriorated. D asked L to transfer the home in his name as he had paid the money for it but L declined to honor this request. As a result of this, D sued L and was successful (Australian Contract Law, 2018c). The judge of the case stated that D was beneficially entitled to the land bought by him. He further stated that it would be unconscionable in this case where the home is given to L. Even upon the appeal being made by L, these were not successful, both in the Court of Appeal and in High Court of Australia. The High Court had held in this case that L had created such an environment of crisis which in reality had never been present. D held such a post in this case where he had been completely dependent on L. This led to the home being purchased by D which was just done due to D being emotionally dependent on L and the influence which she held over him, where he even disregarded his own interest. There was complete unconscionability in Ls conduct which involved careful calculation by L for inducing D for gaining benefit for her (Australian Contract Law, 2018c). Apart from the common law, the statutory law also covers the unconscionable conduct. Under section 21 of the Australian Consumer Law, there is a prohibition from indulging in unconscionable conduct with regards to the supply of goods or service, or where the goods or services are acquired in the business transactions (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2018). There are a number of examples of unconscionable conduct, and mostly dependent upon the situations. For instance, encouraging an individual to sign a blank contract or not giving the party sufficient time for reading a contract (Coorey, 2015). Section 22 of Australian Consumer Law, provides different factors which have to be taken into account by the courts but the factors are not restricted to this section. For indulging in such conduct, the maximum penalty for individuals is $220,000 and for body corporate it is $1.1 million (Corones, 2012). An example of this can be found in ACCC v Craftmatic Australia [2009] FCA 972. In this case, the ACCC had initiated proceedings against the defendant where it was stated that they had indulged in or acted in unconscionable manner against the senior citizens, when adopting the door to door sale of beds. The claim was that an advantage was taken by the defendants of the commercial inexperience of such household and elderly customers, by using high pressure sales tactics. Even though some customers had been happy with the bed but the ones which did not want the bed or could not afford the same, were made to change their mind by use of unfair sales techniques. It was held by the Federal Court of Australia that the method of sale and promotion by the defendant covered steps which were scripted, and designed in a manner to make undue influence on the potential consumers for creating and taking benefit of unequal bargaining position. This led to the Federal Court ordering an injunction for 7 years against the defendant from a number of conducts (ACCC, 2014). Back in July 1998, the financial service sector faced a number of reforms. The primary responsibility under these changes was for the consumers and for the small business protection issue in the financial sector. There is a respective application of the aforementioned provisions of unconscionable conduct in the contracts of financial services, and the same is determined by taking into consideration, the specific definitions and exclusions covered under section 12CA, 12CB and 12CC of the ASIC Act, 2001 (Federal Register of Legislation, 2017). Even though the financial products and services have been clearly defined under this act, the provisions regarding unconscionable conduct mirror the ones covered in the Australian Consumer Law, which results in the businesses getting similar obligations for compliance when they deal in the financial services (Pearson, 2009). There is a specific prohibition of unconscionable conduct in a range of industry based legislative schemes. An example of this includes the industry which the panel has been asked to consider in their review, legislation which govern the retail tenancy, in the jurisdictions which prohibit unfair conduct or unconscionable conduct to retail lease by the parties. There are similar sections in different legislations which govern fitness services, residential property and tourism services. Though, the majority of these are covered through the governing sections of Australian Consumer Law. The courts do not determine if there has been a good or bad bargain, they simply see the opportunity which was held by the individual for their personal benefit. The case of Amadio shows that the courts are reluctant in enforcing the agreements which seem to be unequal or unfair. This is the reason why the statues have been developed with regards to the Australian Consumer Law and the ones related to the banking and finance sector (Law Teacher, 2018). Apart from these laws, the Fair Trading Acts of all the states and territories of the nation have some or other form of prohibition incorporated in them for the unconscionable conduct in their laws. The fair trading legislations of the states and territory also mirror the provisions of the Australian Consumer Law (Morandin and Smith, 2011). The key here is that the businesses need to be aware regarding the statutory protection being given against such undertaken conduct in the consumer transactions, along with the range of venues which are available, along with going to the Federal Court. Even though this law applies only on individuals and does not become applicable on the companies; section 43 of the fair trading act does cover the unconscionable acts undertaken on consumers by the traders (Campbell, 2013). There have been a number of opponents and proponents on the provisions of unfair contract terms, particularly on unconscionable conduct, by different bodies. One of such body is Financial and Consumer Rights Council Inc., which has supported the agreement of including the provisions which specifically address the unfair contract terms under the Australian Consumer Law. They stated that there was a prevalence of unfair terms in the standardized contracts which left very little bargaining power with the consumers. As a result of this, the proposal was put forward for banning some kind of unfair contract terms. In the view of Financial and Consumer Rights Council Inc, this would make certain that all of the consumers; particularly the ones which were prone to such unfair practices would have the confidence of getting in the contracts and be assured that they are properly protected through the provisions of the Australian Consumer Law (Financial and Consumer Rights Council Inc, 2018). They even presented their recommendations on this aspect and stated that the consumers would be benefited where certain terms had been banned from being made a part of the standardized contracts. This was particularly the term which was related to the retaining of the title for the suppliers of goods, which is not possible to be removed from the premises of the consumers without any damage; and the terms which allow the suppliers to get a repossession of goods. This was due to the fact that the repossession of goods was a very intimidating and frightening act for the consumers. As a result of this, it would have a devastating impact over the most vulnerable consumers. The consumers who were single parents, from non English speaking households, with disability, low income earners, or were elderly were more vulnerable for being intimidated for paying these debts which were owed through the act of the supplier repossession (Financial and Consumer Rights Council Inc, 2018). Thus, from the discussion undertaken in the previous segments, it becomes clear that Australia has a number of laws which can protect the unconscionability or unconscionable conduct taking place in the nation. Owing to the presence of unconscionable conduct, the contract is not deemed as valid and the weaker party is protected through the law. This is present both in cases of common law and the statutory law. The previous discussion covered the different cases in which the court set aside any conduct which was unfair or unconscionable for the consumer. The leading case was that of Amadio which basically brought a revolution in this context, and also resulted in changes being economics forward in the laws to restrict any and every kind of unconscionable conduct. This was not restricted to the consumer laws but also came to be applicable on the financial industry through the different statutes. The crux of the matter is that the nation takes a proactive approach against such conduct. F urthermore, the bodies like FCRC make contributions in this regard, on restricting unconscionable conduct in all the sectors in the nation. References ACCC. (2014) Business snapshot. [Online] ACCC. Available from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/avoidance-unconscionable.html [Accessed on: 22/01/18] Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2017) Competition and Consumer Act 2010 - Schedule 2. [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/caca2010265/sch2.html [Accessed on: 22/01/18] Australian Contract Law. (2018a) Unconscionable Conduct. [Online] Australian Contract Law. Available from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/avoidance-unconscionable.html [Accessed on: 22/01/18] Australian Contract Law. (2018b) Commercial Bank of Australia v Amadio. [Online] Australian Contract Law. Available from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/amadio.html [Accessed on: 22/01/18] Australian Contract Law. (2018c) Louth v Diprose. [Online] Australian Contract Law. Available from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/louth.html [Accessed on: 22/01/18] Campbell, D. (2013) International Consumer Protection, Volume 1. New York: Springer. Clarke, P., and Clarke, J (2016) business-law: Commentaries, Cases and Perspectives. 3rd ed. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Federal Register of Legislation. (2017) Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001. [Online] Federal Register of Legislation. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2017C00326 [Accessed on: 22/01/18] Financial and Consumer Rights Council Inc. (2018) Submission. [Online] Financial and Consumer Rights Council Inc. Available from: https://archive.treasury.gov.au/documents/1501/PDF/Financial_and_Consumer_Rights_Council.pdf [Accessed on: 22/01/18] Latimer, P. (2012) Australian Business Law 2012. 31st ed. Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Law Teacher. (2018) Unconscionable Conduct In Australia. [Online] Law Teacher. Available from: https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/contract-law/unconscionable-conduct-in-australia-contract-law-essay.php [Accessed on: 22/01/18] Morandin, N., and Smith, J. (2011) Australian Competition and Consumer Legislation 2011. NSW: CCH Australia. Pearson, G. (2009) Financial Services Law and Compliance in Australia. Victoria: Cambridge University Press. Vout, P.T. (2009) Unconscionable Conduct: The Laws of Australia. 2nd ed. Pyrmont, NSW: Thomson Reuters.

The theatrical film medium Essay Example For Students

The theatrical film medium Essay This means more unnecessary costs, wasted time and a further degradation of the image. As soon as digital footage is shot, filmmakers can begin to edit it. A crew can also review the footage after every shot in order to perfect it on the spot. DISTRIBUTION Although there are numerous production benefits to digital cinema, it is the distribution of films that will be most positively impacted, particularly from a business perspective. The cost of sending films out to theatres is fixed based on the cost of creating the film prints themselves. We will write a custom essay on The theatrical film medium specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Depending on the size of the order and the length of the feature, this cost can range from $1200 $2200 per print per theatre, in addition to the cost of shipping the film across the country. 4 Once a film finishes its run, further expense must be spent shipping heavy film reels back to their producers. Unlike computer-generated images any changes to a film print are permanent and a new print must be struck to accommodate further refinements. By the time a final InterNegative (IN) from which release prints will be struck is created, it is typical for upwards of six intermediate prints to have been made. 5 Security is also an impending issue of celluloid film as it is virtually non-existent in the distribution process. Once a film has left the hands of its producers they can only hope that it reaches its appropriate destination uncorrupted and undamaged. Of course digitally, these risks are eliminated. Digital cinema will herald a renewed quality of image. Where film becomes progressively scratched and dirty with every screening, digital tape has a prolonged life and will screen the same, high-quality image consistently over time. Advantages in the flexibility of programming and scope of cinema advertising can also be counted. Because distribution costs are so high, production companies have to be extremely cautious about where they play their movies. If you take the physical film out of the equation however, things get a lot cheaper and as a result this risk is minimised. It doesnt cost the production company much more to show the movie in 100 theatres than in one theatre which means companies could easily open movies in theatres all over the world on the same day6, its just a matter of downloading the file. What needs to considered however is the impending reception of theatregoers to this new, mostly foreign concept. Technologies for digital cinema are here; the benefits are real; industry champions are championing; field demonstrations are in progress; business models are being developed; equipment manufacturers are gearing up. But is digital cinema ready for commercialization? 7 The advantages to producers and distributors are obvious, and audiences will be viewing opening night quality prints on every occasion. But it will mean they pay more to cover costs for a digital projector, where distributors pay less for duplication and delivery. And how about those who prefer that unique richness and visual texture of a 35mm print. Surely film traditionalist will be more than hesitant to welcome this new technology? The worldwide introduction of digital cinema as a replacement to celluloid film cinema is arguably the most astonishing innovation in the film industry since the introduction of sound in films in 1926. 8 Its numerous production benefits and lowering of distribution costs will make it a highly attractive venture to many production companies. Optimum viewing quality at every screening will appeal to most theatregoers however it is traditionalists, film buffs who may object. The rise in film admission costs could also be an issue, however audiences may be happy to pay for a consistent high quality viewing experience. .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c , .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c .postImageUrl , .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c , .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c:hover , .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c:visited , .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c:active { border:0!important; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c:active , .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Artist - The Hatred of Sound Essay1 Microsoft Corporation Windows Media 9 Series for Digital Cinema Applications Windows Media 9 Series. 2002 http://www.. microsoft. com/windows/windowsmedia/mediaent/whitepapers/dcinemaapp.aspx#Top#Top September 4 2003 2 Quallcomm Incorporated What Is Digital Cinema Quallcomm 2001http://www. qualcomm. com/digitalcinema/contact. html September 4 2003 3 Harris, Tom How Digital Cinema Works. How Stuff Works. http://www. howstuffworks. com/digital-cinema. htm SEPTEMBER 4 2003 4loc. cit Microsoft Corporation 5 loc. cit Microsoft Corporation 6 loc. cit Harris, Tom 7 The International Society for Optical Engineering, Move over film digital has arrived OE Magazine http://oemagazine. com/newscast/012401_showdaily01. html September 5 2003 8 loc. cit Microsoft Corporation.