Competition Consumer Legislation Australian -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Competition Consumer Legislation Australian? Answer: Introducation Under the contract law, unconscionability is referred to such terms which are so unfair or unjust, that one side of the contracting party is overwhelmed by the other side of the contracting party, which holds superior bargaining power, and which is against the good conscience (Latimer, 2012). Basically, unconscionability or unconscionable conduct covers the transactions which are undertaken in between a weak party and a dominating party. Due to this, there is an overlapping of this concept with the other vitiating factors in a contract, of duress and undue influence. The concept of unconscionability is applicable based on the scenario in which it takes place and accordingly attracts the common law or the statutory law (Vout, 2009). In equity, the unconscionable conduct is related to the conduct where one party is taken off by some other person due to the special disability help by the first person. The examples of special disability include illiteracy, age, lack of education, or thes e factors being in combination. Due to these reasons, the weaker party is treated in a harsh and operations manner (Australian Contract Law, 2018a). The following parts cover a detail on unconscionability and its various aspects in Australia, in terms of its applicability under common and statutory law and the leading cases on it. Unconscionable conduct is something which results in the transaction undertaken under the contract being null and void. There are a number of cases where unconscionable conduct has resulted in the transactions being set aside, or given a null affect (Clarke and Clarke, 2016). In Australia, the leading matter in context of unconscionable conduct is that of Commercial Bank of Australia v Amadio(1983) 151 CLR 447. In this case, a mortgage had been signed by Amadio for the purpose of securing loan for their son. The details of this mortgage or what actually was going on was not informed to Amadio. Amadio were Italian and they did not know much of English which made them nearly illiterate. When the Bank attempted to seize their home which had been mortgaged, the validity of this mortgage was challenged by Amadio. This led to the court ruling in favor of Amadio based on the presence of unconscionable conduct in this matter. The reason for upholding the presence of unconscionable conduct wa s that there was an absence of English knowledge with Amadio (Australian Contract Law, 2018b). Another example of presence of unconscionable conduct was seen in Louth v Diprose (1992) 175 CLR 621; [1992] HCA 61. In this matter, D was infatuated towards L and he was in the habit of showering D with a number of gifts repeatedly. Once D proposed to L, she declined. After some time, D was told by L that L had been very depressed and that in case she was not able to pay the money on her home, she would be evicted from it and would have no place to live. And as soon as this would happen, L would be committing suicide. The majority of it was untrue. Responding to this management pressure, D agreed that he would buy the home for L and that he would be putting the home in Ls name as she was insisting on doing so. Certain years passed and the relationship which was present between the two got deteriorated. D asked L to transfer the home in his name as he had paid the money for it but L declined to honor this request. As a result of this, D sued L and was successful (Australian Contract Law, 2018c). The judge of the case stated that D was beneficially entitled to the land bought by him. He further stated that it would be unconscionable in this case where the home is given to L. Even upon the appeal being made by L, these were not successful, both in the Court of Appeal and in High Court of Australia. The High Court had held in this case that L had created such an environment of crisis which in reality had never been present. D held such a post in this case where he had been completely dependent on L. This led to the home being purchased by D which was just done due to D being emotionally dependent on L and the influence which she held over him, where he even disregarded his own interest. There was complete unconscionability in Ls conduct which involved careful calculation by L for inducing D for gaining benefit for her (Australian Contract Law, 2018c). Apart from the common law, the statutory law also covers the unconscionable conduct. Under section 21 of the Australian Consumer Law, there is a prohibition from indulging in unconscionable conduct with regards to the supply of goods or service, or where the goods or services are acquired in the business transactions (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2018). There are a number of examples of unconscionable conduct, and mostly dependent upon the situations. For instance, encouraging an individual to sign a blank contract or not giving the party sufficient time for reading a contract (Coorey, 2015). Section 22 of Australian Consumer Law, provides different factors which have to be taken into account by the courts but the factors are not restricted to this section. For indulging in such conduct, the maximum penalty for individuals is $220,000 and for body corporate it is $1.1 million (Corones, 2012). An example of this can be found in ACCC v Craftmatic Australia [2009] FCA 972. In this case, the ACCC had initiated proceedings against the defendant where it was stated that they had indulged in or acted in unconscionable manner against the senior citizens, when adopting the door to door sale of beds. The claim was that an advantage was taken by the defendants of the commercial inexperience of such household and elderly customers, by using high pressure sales tactics. Even though some customers had been happy with the bed but the ones which did not want the bed or could not afford the same, were made to change their mind by use of unfair sales techniques. It was held by the Federal Court of Australia that the method of sale and promotion by the defendant covered steps which were scripted, and designed in a manner to make undue influence on the potential consumers for creating and taking benefit of unequal bargaining position. This led to the Federal Court ordering an injunction for 7 years against the defendant from a number of conducts (ACCC, 2014). Back in July 1998, the financial service sector faced a number of reforms. The primary responsibility under these changes was for the consumers and for the small business protection issue in the financial sector. There is a respective application of the aforementioned provisions of unconscionable conduct in the contracts of financial services, and the same is determined by taking into consideration, the specific definitions and exclusions covered under section 12CA, 12CB and 12CC of the ASIC Act, 2001 (Federal Register of Legislation, 2017). Even though the financial products and services have been clearly defined under this act, the provisions regarding unconscionable conduct mirror the ones covered in the Australian Consumer Law, which results in the businesses getting similar obligations for compliance when they deal in the financial services (Pearson, 2009). There is a specific prohibition of unconscionable conduct in a range of industry based legislative schemes. An example of this includes the industry which the panel has been asked to consider in their review, legislation which govern the retail tenancy, in the jurisdictions which prohibit unfair conduct or unconscionable conduct to retail lease by the parties. There are similar sections in different legislations which govern fitness services, residential property and tourism services. Though, the majority of these are covered through the governing sections of Australian Consumer Law. The courts do not determine if there has been a good or bad bargain, they simply see the opportunity which was held by the individual for their personal benefit. The case of Amadio shows that the courts are reluctant in enforcing the agreements which seem to be unequal or unfair. This is the reason why the statues have been developed with regards to the Australian Consumer Law and the ones related to the banking and finance sector (Law Teacher, 2018). Apart from these laws, the Fair Trading Acts of all the states and territories of the nation have some or other form of prohibition incorporated in them for the unconscionable conduct in their laws. The fair trading legislations of the states and territory also mirror the provisions of the Australian Consumer Law (Morandin and Smith, 2011). The key here is that the businesses need to be aware regarding the statutory protection being given against such undertaken conduct in the consumer transactions, along with the range of venues which are available, along with going to the Federal Court. Even though this law applies only on individuals and does not become applicable on the companies; section 43 of the fair trading act does cover the unconscionable acts undertaken on consumers by the traders (Campbell, 2013). There have been a number of opponents and proponents on the provisions of unfair contract terms, particularly on unconscionable conduct, by different bodies. One of such body is Financial and Consumer Rights Council Inc., which has supported the agreement of including the provisions which specifically address the unfair contract terms under the Australian Consumer Law. They stated that there was a prevalence of unfair terms in the standardized contracts which left very little bargaining power with the consumers. As a result of this, the proposal was put forward for banning some kind of unfair contract terms. In the view of Financial and Consumer Rights Council Inc, this would make certain that all of the consumers; particularly the ones which were prone to such unfair practices would have the confidence of getting in the contracts and be assured that they are properly protected through the provisions of the Australian Consumer Law (Financial and Consumer Rights Council Inc, 2018). They even presented their recommendations on this aspect and stated that the consumers would be benefited where certain terms had been banned from being made a part of the standardized contracts. This was particularly the term which was related to the retaining of the title for the suppliers of goods, which is not possible to be removed from the premises of the consumers without any damage; and the terms which allow the suppliers to get a repossession of goods. This was due to the fact that the repossession of goods was a very intimidating and frightening act for the consumers. As a result of this, it would have a devastating impact over the most vulnerable consumers. The consumers who were single parents, from non English speaking households, with disability, low income earners, or were elderly were more vulnerable for being intimidated for paying these debts which were owed through the act of the supplier repossession (Financial and Consumer Rights Council Inc, 2018). Thus, from the discussion undertaken in the previous segments, it becomes clear that Australia has a number of laws which can protect the unconscionability or unconscionable conduct taking place in the nation. Owing to the presence of unconscionable conduct, the contract is not deemed as valid and the weaker party is protected through the law. This is present both in cases of common law and the statutory law. The previous discussion covered the different cases in which the court set aside any conduct which was unfair or unconscionable for the consumer. The leading case was that of Amadio which basically brought a revolution in this context, and also resulted in changes being economics forward in the laws to restrict any and every kind of unconscionable conduct. This was not restricted to the consumer laws but also came to be applicable on the financial industry through the different statutes. The crux of the matter is that the nation takes a proactive approach against such conduct. F urthermore, the bodies like FCRC make contributions in this regard, on restricting unconscionable conduct in all the sectors in the nation. References ACCC. (2014) Business snapshot. [Online] ACCC. Available from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/avoidance-unconscionable.html [Accessed on: 22/01/18] Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2017) Competition and Consumer Act 2010 - Schedule 2. [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/caca2010265/sch2.html [Accessed on: 22/01/18] Australian Contract Law. (2018a) Unconscionable Conduct. [Online] Australian Contract Law. Available from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/avoidance-unconscionable.html [Accessed on: 22/01/18] Australian Contract Law. (2018b) Commercial Bank of Australia v Amadio. [Online] Australian Contract Law. Available from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/amadio.html [Accessed on: 22/01/18] Australian Contract Law. (2018c) Louth v Diprose. [Online] Australian Contract Law. Available from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/louth.html [Accessed on: 22/01/18] Campbell, D. (2013) International Consumer Protection, Volume 1. New York: Springer. Clarke, P., and Clarke, J (2016) business-law: Commentaries, Cases and Perspectives. 3rd ed. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Federal Register of Legislation. (2017) Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001. [Online] Federal Register of Legislation. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2017C00326 [Accessed on: 22/01/18] Financial and Consumer Rights Council Inc. (2018) Submission. [Online] Financial and Consumer Rights Council Inc. Available from: https://archive.treasury.gov.au/documents/1501/PDF/Financial_and_Consumer_Rights_Council.pdf [Accessed on: 22/01/18] Latimer, P. (2012) Australian Business Law 2012. 31st ed. Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Law Teacher. (2018) Unconscionable Conduct In Australia. [Online] Law Teacher. Available from: https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/contract-law/unconscionable-conduct-in-australia-contract-law-essay.php [Accessed on: 22/01/18] Morandin, N., and Smith, J. (2011) Australian Competition and Consumer Legislation 2011. NSW: CCH Australia. Pearson, G. (2009) Financial Services Law and Compliance in Australia. Victoria: Cambridge University Press. Vout, P.T. (2009) Unconscionable Conduct: The Laws of Australia. 2nd ed. Pyrmont, NSW: Thomson Reuters.

The theatrical film medium Essay Example For Students

The theatrical film medium Essay This means more unnecessary costs, wasted time and a further degradation of the image. As soon as digital footage is shot, filmmakers can begin to edit it. A crew can also review the footage after every shot in order to perfect it on the spot. DISTRIBUTION Although there are numerous production benefits to digital cinema, it is the distribution of films that will be most positively impacted, particularly from a business perspective. The cost of sending films out to theatres is fixed based on the cost of creating the film prints themselves. We will write a custom essay on The theatrical film medium specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Depending on the size of the order and the length of the feature, this cost can range from $1200 $2200 per print per theatre, in addition to the cost of shipping the film across the country. 4 Once a film finishes its run, further expense must be spent shipping heavy film reels back to their producers. Unlike computer-generated images any changes to a film print are permanent and a new print must be struck to accommodate further refinements. By the time a final InterNegative (IN) from which release prints will be struck is created, it is typical for upwards of six intermediate prints to have been made. 5 Security is also an impending issue of celluloid film as it is virtually non-existent in the distribution process. Once a film has left the hands of its producers they can only hope that it reaches its appropriate destination uncorrupted and undamaged. Of course digitally, these risks are eliminated. Digital cinema will herald a renewed quality of image. Where film becomes progressively scratched and dirty with every screening, digital tape has a prolonged life and will screen the same, high-quality image consistently over time. Advantages in the flexibility of programming and scope of cinema advertising can also be counted. Because distribution costs are so high, production companies have to be extremely cautious about where they play their movies. If you take the physical film out of the equation however, things get a lot cheaper and as a result this risk is minimised. It doesnt cost the production company much more to show the movie in 100 theatres than in one theatre which means companies could easily open movies in theatres all over the world on the same day6, its just a matter of downloading the file. What needs to considered however is the impending reception of theatregoers to this new, mostly foreign concept. Technologies for digital cinema are here; the benefits are real; industry champions are championing; field demonstrations are in progress; business models are being developed; equipment manufacturers are gearing up. But is digital cinema ready for commercialization? 7 The advantages to producers and distributors are obvious, and audiences will be viewing opening night quality prints on every occasion. But it will mean they pay more to cover costs for a digital projector, where distributors pay less for duplication and delivery. And how about those who prefer that unique richness and visual texture of a 35mm print. Surely film traditionalist will be more than hesitant to welcome this new technology? The worldwide introduction of digital cinema as a replacement to celluloid film cinema is arguably the most astonishing innovation in the film industry since the introduction of sound in films in 1926. 8 Its numerous production benefits and lowering of distribution costs will make it a highly attractive venture to many production companies. Optimum viewing quality at every screening will appeal to most theatregoers however it is traditionalists, film buffs who may object. The rise in film admission costs could also be an issue, however audiences may be happy to pay for a consistent high quality viewing experience. .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c , .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c .postImageUrl , .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c , .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c:hover , .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c:visited , .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c:active { border:0!important; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c:active , .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf102a1ec6b502ae3fe8c32d9be1e1b5c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Artist - The Hatred of Sound Essay1 Microsoft Corporation Windows Media 9 Series for Digital Cinema Applications Windows Media 9 Series. 2002 http://www.. microsoft. com/windows/windowsmedia/mediaent/whitepapers/dcinemaapp.aspx#Top#Top September 4 2003 2 Quallcomm Incorporated What Is Digital Cinema Quallcomm 2001http://www. qualcomm. com/digitalcinema/contact. html September 4 2003 3 Harris, Tom How Digital Cinema Works. How Stuff Works. http://www. howstuffworks. com/digital-cinema. htm SEPTEMBER 4 2003 4loc. cit Microsoft Corporation 5 loc. cit Microsoft Corporation 6 loc. cit Harris, Tom 7 The International Society for Optical Engineering, Move over film digital has arrived OE Magazine http://oemagazine. com/newscast/012401_showdaily01. html September 5 2003 8 loc. cit Microsoft Corporation.

The Complete IB Physics Syllabus SL and HL

The Complete IB Physics Syllabus SL and HL SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips I took IB Physics HL back in my high school days. It is still probably the most challenging class I have ever taken (even including my college courses), but I got a 6 on the exam, so trust me- it's doable. In this article, I'll discuss all the topics covered in IB Physics Standard Level and IB Physics Higher Level, the number of hours dedicated to each topic, and what IB expects you to know for each topic. IB Physics SL and HL Core Both IB Physics SL and HL consist of the same core requirements that consist of the same number of hours. Both classes will cover the same 8 topics (requiring 95 teaching hours) in the order listed below with the same subtopics listed below: Topic #1: Measurements and Uncertainties- 5 Hours for Both SL and HL Subtopic Subtopic Number IB Points to Understand Measurements in physics 1.1 Fundamental and derived SI units Scientific notation and metric multipliers Significant figures Orders of magnitude Estimation Uncertainties and errors 1.2 Random and systematic errors Absolute, fractional and percentage uncertainties Error bars Uncertainty of gradient and intercepts Vectors and scalars 1.3 Vector and scalar quantities Combination and resolution of vectors Topic #2: Mechanics- 22 Hours for Both SL and HL Subtopic Subtopic Number IB Points to Understand Motion 2.1 Distance and displacement Speed and velocity Acceleration Graphs describing motion Equations of motion for uniform acceleration Projectile motion Fluid resistance and terminal speed Forces 2.2 Objects as point particles Free-body diagrams Translational equilibrium Newton’s laws of motion Solid friction Work, energy and power 2.3 Kinetic energy Gravitational potential energy Elastic potential energy Work done as energy transfer Power as rate of energy transfer Principle of conservation of energy Efficiency Momentum and impulse 2.4 Newton’s second law expressed in terms of rate of change of momentum Impulse and force–time graphs Conservation of linear momentum Elastic collisions, inelastic collisions and explosions Topic #3: Thermal Physics- 11 Hours for Both SL and HL Subtopic Subtopic Number IB Points to Understand Thermal concepts 3.1 Molecular theory of solids, liquids and gases Temperature and absolute temperature Internal energy Specific heat capacity Phase change Specific latent heat Modelling a gas 3.2 Pressure Equation of state for an ideal gas Kinetic model of an ideal gas Mole, molar mass and the Avogadro constant Differences between real and ideal gases Topic #4: Waves- 15 Hours for Both SL and HL Subtopic Subtopic Number IB Points to Understand Oscillations 4.1 Simple harmonic oscillations Time period, frequency, amplitude, displacement and phase difference Conditions for simple harmonic motion Travelling waves 4.2 Travelling waves Wavelength, frequency, period and wave speed Transverse and longitudinal waves The nature of electromagnetic waves The nature of sound waves Wave characteristics 4.3 Wavefronts and rays Amplitude and intensity Superposition Polarization Wave behaviour 4.4 Reflection and refraction Snell’s law, critical angle and total internal reflection Diffraction through a single-slit and around objects Interference patterns Double-slit interference Path difference Standing waves 4.5 The nature of standing waves Boundary conditions Nodes and antinodes Topic #5: Electricity and Magnetism- 15 Hours for Both SL and HL Subtopic Subtopic Number IB Points to Understand Electric fields 5.1 Charge Electric field Coulomb’s law Electric current Direct current (dc) Potential difference Heating effect of electric currents 5.2 Circuit diagrams Kirchhoff’s circuit laws Heating effect of current and its consequences Resistance expressed as R = V/I Ohm’s law Resistivity Power dissipation Electric cells 5.3 Cells Internal resistance Secondary cells Terminal potential difference Electromotive force (emf) Magnetic effects of electric currents 5.4 Magnetic fields Magnetic force Topic #6: Circular Motion and Gravitation- 5 Hours for Both SL and HL Subtopic Subtopic Number IB Points to Understand Circular motion 6.1 Period, frequency, angular displacement and angular velocity Centripetal force Centripetal acceleration Newton’s law of gravitation 6.2 Newton’s law of gravitation Gravitational field strength Topic #7: Atomic, Nuclear and Particle Physics- 14 Hours for Both SL and HL Subtopic Subtopic Number IB Points to Understand Discrete energy and radioactivity 7.1 Discrete energy and discrete energy levels Transitions between energy levels Radioactive decay Fundamental forces and their properties Alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays Half-life Absorption characteristics of decay particles Isotopes Background radiation Nuclear reactions 7.2 The unified atomic mass unit Mass defect and nuclear binding energy Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion The structure of matter 7.3 Quarks, leptons and their antiparticles Hadrons, baryons and mesons The conservation laws of charge, baryon number, lepton number and strangeness The nature and range of the strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force and electromagnetic force Exchange particles Feynman diagrams Confinement The Higgs boson Topic #8: Energy Production- 8 Hours for Both SL and HL Subtopic Subtopic Number IB Points to Understand Energy sources 8.1 Specific energy and energy density of fuel sources Sankey diagrams Primary energy sources Electricity as a secondary and versatile form of energy Renewable and non-renewable energy sources Thermal energy transfer 8.2 Conduction, convection and thermal radiation Black-body radiation Albedo and emissivity The solar constant The greenhouse effect Energy balance in the Earth surface–atmosphere system Bonus: Want to get a perfect SAT or ACT score? Read our famous guide on how to score a perfect 1600 on the SAT, or a perfect 36 on the ACT. You'll learn top strategies from the country's leading expert on the SAT/ACT, Allen Cheng, a Harvard grad and perfect scorer. No matter your level, you'll find useful advice here- this strategy guide has been read by over 500,000 people. Read the 1600 SAT guide or 36 ACT guide today and start improving your score. Additional Higher Level Topics These 4 topics are only for IB Physics Higher Level students- 60 hours total for HL only Topic #9: Wave Phenomena- 17 Hours for HL Only Subtopic Subtopic Number IB Points to Understand Simple harmonic motion (HL ONLY) 9.1 The defining equation of SHM Energy changes Single-slit diffraction (HL ONLY) 9.2 The nature of single-slit diffraction Interference (HL ONLY) 9.3 Young’s double-slit experiment Modulation of two-slit interference pattern by one-slit diffraction effect Multiple slit and diffraction grating interference patterns Thin film interference Resolution (HL ONLY) 9.4 The size of a diffracting aperture The resolution of simple monochromatic two-source systems Doppler effect (HL ONLY) 9.5 The Doppler effect for sound waves and light waves Topic #10: Fields- 11 Hours for HL only Subtopic Subtopic Number IB Points to Understand Describing fields (HL ONLY) 10.1 Gravitational fields Electrostatic fields Electric potential and gravitational potential Field lines Equipotential surfaces Fields at work (HL ONLY) 10.2 Potential and potential energy Potential gradient Potential difference Escape speed Orbital motion, orbital speed and orbital energy Forces and inverse-square law behaviour Topic #11: Electromagnetic Induction- 16 Hours for HL Only Subtopic Subtopic Number IB Points to Understand Electromagnetic induction (HL ONLY) 11.1 Electromotive force (emf) Magnetic flux and magnetic flux linkage Faraday’s law of induction Lenz’s law Power generation and transmission (HL ONLY) 11.2 Alternating current (ac) generators Average power and root mean square (rms) values of current and voltage Transformers Diode bridges Half-wave and full-wave rectification Capacitance (HL ONLY) 11.3 Capacitance Dielectric materials Capacitors in series and parallel Resistor-capacitor (RC) series circuits Time constant Topic #12: Quantum and Nuclear Physics- 16 Hours for HL Only Subtopic Subtopic Number IB Points to Understand The interaction of matter with radiation (HL ONLY) 12.1 Photons The photoelectric effect Matter waves Pair production and pair annihilation Quantization of angular momentum in the Bohr model for hydrogen The wave function The uncertainty principle for energy and time and position and momentum Tunnelling, potential barrier and factors affecting tunnelling probability Nuclear physics (HL ONLY) 12.2 Rutherford scattering and nuclear radius Nuclear energy levels The neutrino The law of radioactive decay and the decay constant Options As a part of the IB Physics course, you cover additional subjects of your choosing from the list below (typically you don’t choose, but rather your teacher does). Whichever option(s) you or your teacher chooses you will cover 3 or 4 topics (15 hours total) for SL and an additional 2 or 3 topics (25 hours total) for HL. Option A: Relativity- 15 Hours for SL and HL Subtopic Subtopic Number IB Points to Understand The beginnings of relativity A.1 Reference frames Galilean relativity and Newton’s postulates concerning time and space Maxwell and the constancy of the speed of light Forces on a charge or current Lorentz transformations A.2 The two postulates of special relativity Clock synchronization The Lorentz transformations Velocity addition Invariant quantities (spacetime interval, proper time, proper length and rest mass) Time dilation Length contraction The muon decay experiment Spacetime diagrams A.3 Spacetime diagrams Worldlines The twin paradox Additional HL Relativity Topics- 10 More Hours for HL Subtopic Subtopic Number IB Points to Understand Relativistic mechanics (HL ONLY) A.4 Total energy and rest energy Relativistic momentum Particle acceleration Electric charge as an invariant quantity Photons MeV c^–2 as the unit of mass and MeV c^–1 as the unit of momentum General Relativity (HL ONLY) A.5 The equivalence principle The bending of light Gravitational redshift and the Pound–Rebka–Snider experiment Schwarzschild black holes Event horizons Time dilation near a black hole Applications of general relativity to the universe as a whole Option B: Engineering Physics- 15 Hours for SL and HL Subtopic Subtopic Number IB Points to Understand Rigid bodies and rotational dynamics B.1 Torque Moment of inertia Rotational and translational equilibrium Angular acceleration Equations of rotational motion for uniform angular acceleration Newton’s second law applied to angular motion Conservation of angular momentum Thermodynamics B.2 The first law of thermodynamics The second law of thermodynamics Entropy Cyclic processes and pV diagrams Isovolumetric, isobaric, isothermal and adiabatic processes Carnot cycle Thermal efficiency Additional HL Engineering Physics Topics- 10 More Hours for HL Subtopic Subtopic Number IB Points to Understand Fluids and fluid dynamics (HL ONLY) B.3 Density and pressure Buoyancy and Archimedes’ principle Pascal’s principle Hydrostatic equilibrium The ideal fluid Streamlines The continuity equation The Bernoulli equation and the Bernoulli effect Stokes’ law and viscosity Laminar and turbulent flow and the Reynolds number Forced vibrations and resonance (HL ONLY) B.4 Natural frequency of vibration Q factor and damping Periodic stimulus and the driving frequency Resonance Option C: Imaging- 15 Hours for SL and HL Subtopic Subtopic Number IB Points to Understand Introduction to imaging C.1 Thin lenses Converging and diverging lenses Converging and diverging mirrors Ray diagrams Real and virtual images Linear and angular magnification Spherical and chromatic aberrations Imaging instrumentation C.2 Optical compound microscopes Simple optical astronomical refracting telescopes Simple optical astronomical reflecting telescopes Single-dish radio telescopes Radio interferometry telescopes Satellite-borne telescopes Fibre optics C.3 Structure of optic fibres Step-index fibres and graded-index fibres Total internal reflection and critical angle Waveguide and material dispersion in optic fibres Attenuation and the decibel (dB) scale Additional HL Imaging Topics- 10 More Hours for HL Subtopic Subtopic Number IB Points to Understand Medical imaging (HL ONLY) C.4 Detection and recording of X-ray images in medical contexts Generation and detection of ultrasound in medical contexts Medical imaging techniques (magnetic resonance imaging) involving nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) Option D: Astrophysics- 15 Hours for SL and HL Subtopic Subtopic Number IB Points to Understand Stellar quantities D.1 Objects in the universe The nature of stars Astronomical distances Stellar parallax and its limitations Luminosity and apparent brightness Stellar characteristics and stellar evolution D.2 Stellar spectra Hertzsprung–Russell (HR) diagram Mass–luminosity relation for main sequence stars Cepheid variables Stellar evolution on HR diagrams Red giants, white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes Chandrasekhar and Oppenheimer–Volkoff limits Cosmology D.3 The Big Bang model Cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation Hubble’s law The accelerating universe and redshift (z) The cosmic scale factor (R) Additional HL Astrophysics Topics- 10 More Hours for HL Subtopic Subtopic Number IB Points to Understand Stellar processes (HL ONLY) D.4 The Jeans criterion Nuclear fusion Nucleosynthesis off the main sequence Type Ia and II supernovae Further cosmology (HL ONLY) D.5 The cosmological principle Rotation curves and the mass of galaxies Dark matter Fluctuations in the CMB The cosmological origin of redshift Critical density Dark energy Practical Scheme of Work You also need to complete experiments and experimental reports as a part of any IB Science course. For SL, there is 40 hours of material. For HL, there is 60 hours of material. Here are the activities: Practical activities- 20 hours for SL and 40 hours for HL Lab work in class counts towards these hours Individual investigation (internal assessment-IA)- 10 hours for SL and HL A lab project along with a report that counts as 20% of your IB exam scores (written exam counts for the other 80%) Group 4 Project- 10 hours for SL and HL Students are separated into groups and must conduct an experiment and write a report. What’s Next? Want to brush up on some physics topics? Get your physics fix (phyx?) with our articles on the specific heat of water, acceleration and how to calculate it, and the law of conservation of mass. Hoping to squeeze in some extra IB classes? Learn about the IB courses offered online. Preparing to take the SAT? Check out our complete guide to the SAT. Taking the SAT in the next month? Check out our guide to cramming. Not sure where you want to go to college? Check out our guide to finding your target school. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Gentlemen, Choose Your Weapons

Gentlemen, Choose Your Weapons Gentlemen, Choose Your Weapons Gentlemen, Choose Your Weapons By Hugh Ashton Writing tools can affect your style. In the days of quill and dip pens, the length of sentences (or at least, phrases) was apparently determined by the amount of ink held by the pen, and prose rhythm was dictated by this simple physical constraint. Fountain pens extended the scope of the writer. No longer did (s)he have to pause in the composition of the sentence, reach over to the inkwell and use those few seconds to determine what to write next. Sentences could flow for ever, like those of Henry James. But even with a fountain pen, revisions don’t come easily. In Lamb House, Rye, where James lived for many years, some galley proofs of his works are on display, covered with major handwritten amendments. Whole paragraphs deleted and added, sentences turned on their heads, etc. No publisher today, even with modern technology, would accept such major revisions to a book at galley stage. It would appear, though, that typesetting really does crystallize a writer’s thoughts, and give a firm foundation for the next stage in the writing process. Of course, many authors used typewriters when they became available. Mark Twain, a neophile and early adopter, wrote: The machine has several virtues. I believe it will print faster than I can write. One may lean back in his chair work it. It piles an awful stack of words on one page. It don’t muss things or scatter ink blots around. Of course it saves paper. And as someone who grew up doing a lot of writing (books, articles, etc.) on a typewriter (manual Olivetti portable, and later an electric Facit golfball), I have to agree with Samuel Clemens. Mind you, corrections were tricky. I used a lot of correction fluid and paper, and rewriting a whole sentence often meant starting again from scratch on a new page. The sheer drudgery and physical labor involved in hitting typewriter keys (less with electric than a manual, of course) meant you had to think carefully about what you wrote. Planning a whole page in advance (or at least a paragraph) wasn’t uncommon. Certainly you tended to write a sentence before putting it down on paper, because it was too much trouble to recast it once it had been typed. Of course, all this refers to the first draft. Creating a second draft was often a question of starting again from scratch, or a literal â€Å"cut and paste† job. Another way of writing books was (still is for some) dictation to a shorthand secretary or a dictation machine. Dictation can produce long flowing streams of consciousness, poor style, and very clumsy or sloppy plotting in the worst cases, not to mention novels that are parodies of the author’s own style. But then came word-processors. But that’s for another week. In the meantime, your exercise for the week is to look at some older pieces of writing, and see if you can reconstruct how the authors got the words out of their heads onto paper. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Beautiful and Ugly Words50 Latin Phrases You Should KnowThe Uses of â€Å"The†

Givenchy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Givenchy - Essay Example Explain 6 pictures, use 4 books and 4 websites as references/sources. I. Introduction (250 words) Hubert de Givenchy was a designer in the mid-20th century who began the famous House of Givenchy. Givenchy was the driving force behind a majority of the wardrobe of Audrey Hepburn, an actress who became a major film star with the blockbuster movie Breakfast at Tiffany’s. â€Å"Hubert†¦[was] a brilliant young designer (twenty-six to Audrey [Hepburn’s] twenty-four)[,] who had worked under de Segonzac at Schiaparelli before leaving in December of 1951†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wasson, 2010, pp. 38). He got his start in designing clothes that were elegant and fashionable—yet practical for the modern woman of his day. Some years later, Riccardo Tisci would take over his fashion empire in 2005, bringing to the House of Givenchy a drastically different style and taking the company in a new artistic direction. Known for his bold use of dark colors—especially black— Tisci took his knowledge of Givenchy’s style and put his own unique spin on that staple of the fashion industry. Here three samples from Givenchy’s work himself—as well as Tisci’s work—will be examined. It was attempted to match sample garments that, at least indirectly, resembled each other. These pieces will be analyzed in detail. The first piece is a plain black dress; the second piece is an overcoat; and the third piece is a coat. Each piece will be compared and contrasted and thoroughly analyzed in order to see what drove and drives each of these artists (Hubert and Riccardo) respectively. Finally, conclusions will be made regarding both of the artists. II. How the Socio-Cultural Environment Led to Different Artistic Interpretations (250 words) Courtesy: Rosenwald, 2011, pp. 1. In this first piece we see by Givenchy, this is a scene with Audrey Hepburn in an orange pea coat. It reminds one of the pea coats that were typical in the 1950s and 19 60s, similar to something that Jackie O might have warn. Jackie Kennedy, by the way, was also another popular devotee of Givenchy, having had many—if not a majority—of her wardrobes designed by him. Obviously, the length of this coat, and the bright color, catches one’s eye and draws one into the wearer’s visual field. Notice the high neckline, the fuzziness of the pea coat softening the appearance of Hepburn’s face. With a stunning hat, Givenchy accentuates Hepburn’s sophisticated look. Courtesy: â€Å"Paris, Feb. 28th, 2007,† 2007, pp. 1. Riccardo Tisci, as the 21st-century lead designer at House of Givenchy, came out with the Japanese mariner-style coat, pictured above, for the 2007 fashion line. Obviously not a pea coat, this style takes a page from a different culture’s playbook of an era and co-opts it in order to make a fashion statement. The industrial look is now ‘in.’ Tisci has this model dressed entirely head-to-toe in black. Strikingly sleek and visually interesting, this jacket has a short, clean cut with a lapel. The neckline is not raised at all, and this jacket is rather form-fitting instead of Givenchy’s more bulky pea coat. This highlights the 21st-century necessity for streamlined lines and utilitarianism. Any kind of frivolous use of space in the design is now wasteless, whereas it used to be fun to have features on a garment piece that were not necessarily utility features. Now, everyone is

Interview with policy marker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interview with policy marker - Essay Example Such patients have to be making about 1800/year, and be diagnosed with mental disability. Income is all the same the major factor as they have to be making 1800/year According to the Healthy People 2020 report, one of the main aims is to reduce the homeless people. How does your facility do to ensure the same? The homeless patients are kept in boarding homes, or in other shelters How do the boarding homes, halfway homes, or shelters help in maintaining the individuals’ stability? Patients in these homes have access to continued care, they are seen by a psychiatrist on weekly basis who are paid by the government. This is in accordance with objectives the Healthy People 2020 program that aims at increasing medical practitioners contact with patients. According to you, what is the main drawback preventing your clients from receiving care? And what role should the government play in increasing the care given to your clients, as outlined under the Access to health services Objectiv e in the Healthy People 2020 project? Sometimes it gets frustrating to give essential care and shelter to a patient with no insurance cover. Funding becomes the biggest drawback; this patient population is mostly ignored due to mental illness. Therefore, shelters have serious limitations in receiving and caring for fixed number of patients according to availability of funds in issues related to behavioral health. In an epidemiology study carried out by Pratt (2012), data from a 2007 National Health Interview survey of 23, 393 adults indicated that 35% of adults with a history of mental illness had a history of homelessness. Do you believe this is a reality? And what can be done to reduce this problem? The future of the homeless depends on the ability of the government to offer more funding. The homes carry out a census of the homeless at the beginning of each year, aimed at determining funds required to assist each of the homeless. The problem is that the shelters are greatly underf unded, which is major challenge. One of the legal implications in accessing health care services is the requirement that Insurance coverage is the principal means of measuring whether one gets adequate access to healthcare among the general population, limiting the chances of the above mentally ill patients, who are usually unemployed to obtain such important services (Healthy People 2020). 2. Policy Maker Question Asked Response obtained Eno- Obong E. Senior case manager with VA community based care These questions focused on the objectives of Healthy People 2010 to improve access to community based education programs in aiding to reduce hospitalization and management of chronic diseases. 1. 1 Health is more influences away from the facility where most of the population spends most of their time. As a case manager working for the patients in the community is this statement true? I concur with this statement from my experience in the field. Before, we recorded much higher emergency visits even after implementing the home health nurse program. However, with no education on how to manage chronic diseases and access to community resources, patients still continued to be sick. The facility therefore helped in exacerbation on the long term health needs of patients accessing such community health based resources. What is the most critical service that you give to the community to reduce emergency visits, and ensuring increasing access to

The dramatic events and language of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

The dramatic events and language of Romeo and Juliet Essay Love and hate both occur many times during the course of the play, love and hate could be addressed as the two main focuses from the play. The play, Romeo and Juliet, is a tragedy but it still could be said that love triumphs over hate by the end of the play. The final scene of the play ends with Romeo killing himself when he finds out Juliet is dead and Juliet waking from sleep and finding Romeo dead. The two families, Montagues and Capulets, then put an end to their long reigning feud. This is when it could be said that love conquers hate, however this could also be viewed as a hollow victory, this describes that although the feud has been put to an end many lives have been lost in the process, including: Romeo, Juliet, Mercutio, Tybalt and Paris. When Juliet and Paris are found dead that is when the first signs of caring between the two feuding families start to emerge, unfortunately for the two families and the whole of Verona they realise that the feud was pointless after so many lives have been lost and even their own children having died. Between the Montagues and Capulets an ancient grudge exists, the prologue from the play tells us a summary of the events that happen within the play a pair of star-crossed lovers take their life, how long the play is is now the two hours traffic of our stage. The prologue also tells us things like where the play is set In fair Verona and how long the play will be Is now the two hours traffic of our stage. The prologue and act 1 scene 1 tells us who the feud is between, the two rival families the Capulets and the Montagues, however between the prologue and act 1 scene 1 the play still fails to tell us why the two families hate each other. In act one scene one the fight between the two Capulet servants and the Montague servants is started even by the two sides seeing each other, this demonstrates how seriously the feud is taken between the two families, not only do the masters of the Capulets and Montagues fight between each other but the feud even extends to the servants of each family. Although the fight is implied that it will start when the servants of the two families see each other it in fact begins when the servants from each family insult each other Nay, as they dare. I will bite my thumb at them, which is disgrace to them if they bear it. The main individual characters within the play act differently towards the feud and how it is dealt with. Tybalt is known as the prince of cats for his swordsmanship, Tybalts lust for fighting and victory over the Montagues fuels the feud a great deal. As it is seen when Tybalt kills Mercutio, Romeo then takes his revenge on Tybalt by killing him, this again fuels the feud. Tybalts attitude is more warlike than many other characters, he tries to start fights rather than attempting to stop them, which is more like Benvolio attempts to do. Capulet is another character who alongside Tybalt, can be seen as trying to keep the feud going until the Capulet family wins. He usually is not involved within the actual fights but tries to show his youthfulness by appearing like he would like to fight alongside the rest of his family members. He doesnt appear to actively encourage the fighting in the feud like Tybalt does, however he does seem to enjoy the fighting that occurs from the feud right up until the end of the play, after Romeo and Juliet die. Montagues character is more neutral, he wants the Montague family to win the feud however he doesnt encourage the fighting, he seems to want a peace more than a war between each family although he would like to see this peace at the hands of a Montague victory. Benvolio is seen within the play as a peacemaker, early on during the play Benvolio attempts to stop a fight between the two war waging families, although he successfully does this later on he appears to not be as successful. The Prince acts as the main peacemaker of the play Will they not hear? What ho, you men, you beasts! That quench the fire of your pernicious rage with purple fountains issuing from your veins. Later on during the play the Prince becomes more forceful at attempting to stop the feud; firstly he threatens to end the life of those who disobey his command to stop the feud whilst secondly he banishes Romeo from Verona to Mantua. The Princes attitude towards the feud can therefore be summarised by saying that he is wholeheartedly against the fighting that the feud produces and the feud itself, we can assume this from the punishments he threatens, the punishments he gives and the way in which he speaks about his negative view on the feud.